PLURALS / ÇOĞULLAR
Let’s learn how to build plural nouns.
It’s quite easy to form plurals of nouns in Turkish language, but you should understand the vowel harmony first, which has a very easy and logical structure:
Turkish has 8 vowels:
a – e – ı – i – o – ö – u –ü
And two types of vowels:
1.Back vowels:
a -ı – o – u
2.Front vowels:
e-i-ö-ü
If the last syllable of the noun has a back vowel, we add “lar” to the noun to make it plural. It it is a front vowel, we add “ler”.
Örnekler: Examples
-LAR
Kitap – kitaplar : book – books
Masa – masalar: table – tables
Fırın – fırınlar: oven – ovens
Taşıt – taşıtlar: vehicle – vehicles
Büro – bürolar: Office – offices
Ot – otlar: herb – herbs
Kuş – kuşlar: bird – birds
Tavuk –tavuklar: chicken – chickens
-LER
Sandalye – sandalyeler: chair – chairs
Defter – defterler: notebook – notebooks
İşçi – işçiler: worker – workers
Terzi – terziler: Tailor – tailors
Kör – körler: blind person – blind people
Çöp – çöpler: Garbage – garbages
Köprü – köprüler : bridge – bridges
Öpücük – öpücükler: Kiss – kisses
İstisnalar: Exceptions
O (he, she , it) – Onlar (they)
Turkish Language Lessons 